Tuesday, July 10, 2007

Wrangling the Angler: Part Two

Today: Part two of my thoughts regarding the legacy of Vice Presidential power and Dick Cheney, focusing on the VP’s efforts to expand Presidential authority in dealing with “enemy combatants”:

  1. Regarding John C. Yoo’s assertion that the “CIA guys” were going to have real difficulties getting “actionable intelligence” from detainees: Welcome to war, Mr. Yoo. I’m sure if you took a poll of every military leader who has commanded troops during war, they would probably tell you that “actionable intelligence” is always difficult to come by, especially through direct questioning of POWs. It’s a wonder America ever won a war prior to contemplating Yoo’s (and Cheney’s) “robust” solution to the “intelligence problem”. The reality is that torturing a German colonel during WWII probably yielded more “actionable intelligence” than torturing some suspected terrorist plucked from some foreign city or mosque (pick a city! we’ve done it all over the world!), as such men followed a chain of command and thus followed something that resembled a paper trail. Is Yoo (or Cheney) aware that certain members of the September 11th terrorist troupe had no idea the plan was to fly the planes into the building? No, because clearly they haven’t read the 9/11 Commission Report. If they had, and were truly interested in preventing future terrorist acts, they might have learned that, unless you were willing to sequester and detain people who hadn’t even committed a crime yet, that “robust” methods could have hardly prevented such an act. The fact that America held to the Geneva Convention while battling the biggest bad of them all (Hitler), should be a lesson in and of itself.
  2. Regarding The Post’s assertion that “the VP’s office played a central role in shattering the limits on coercion of prisoners in US custody”: Cheney talks a lot about removing obstacles to the presidents power, but it is becoming abundantly clear that the only person in the executive office who seeks to actually wield those powers (much like the clumsy young King Arthur in the classic Disney epic The Sword and the Stone) is the VP himself, as many of Cheney’s “initiatives” seem to be implemented in “closed door” sessions. Closed door apparently meaning: lock the door to the Oval Office and say, ‘regardless of what he says don’t let Him out until we’re done here. If he gives you crap, give him this O’Douls.
  3. Regarding the assertion that Cheney has managed his office through “thoroughgoing secrecy, persistence of focus, tactical flexibility in service of fixed aims and close knowledge of the power map of government”: All aspects we hope a VP learns during their tenure as VP, which, in theory, would ideally, make him a better candidate for the presidency in the next election (ah… idealism). The fact that, from day one, Cheney has demonstrated such skills says more about what he wanted to do once in the White House to advance his own interests, as opposed to those of President Bush. Whether Bush had any ideas of his own about what he wanted to do as President, we may never know.
  4. Regarding James A. Baker III’s assessment that Cheney has been “pretty damn good at accumulating power, extraordinarily effective and adept at exercising power”: If by “effective” he means the implementation of policies detrimental to the international reputation of the United Stated…then, yes. Very effective. If he means “effective” as in advancing the ideals of America as (hopefully) a responsible super-power wary of bullying and hesitant to throw its weight around regarding issues that keep decent people up at night…then, no. It’s one thing to covet money in America, which is, after all, the American dream. It is another thing to covet power. History has never been kind to power mongers.
  5. Regarding Cheney’s claim last fall that we “don’t torture” and the opinion of Assistant Attorney General, Jay S. Bybee, that the definition of torture means “…suffering equivalent in intensity to the pain of organ failure…or even death”: Let’s look at that again. According to Cheney and his (few) allies in the Justice Department, torture is not torture unless it involves “organ failure” or “even death”. Generally, the consensus of your average upstanding citizen is that at that point (again, “organ failure…or even death”), it is, quite simply, murder. So, let me get this straight: It’s not “technically” torture unless we murder them? Got it.
  6. Regarding the VP’s lawyers claim that “the president may authorize any interrogation method, even if it crosses the line into torture” and that “laws forbidding any person to commit torture do not apply to the commander in chief”, because Congress “may no more regulate the President’s ability to detain and interrogate enemy combatants than may regulate his ability to direct troop movements on the battlefield”: Who are we talking about here? Ulysses S. Grant? Eisenhower? We’re talking about (traditionally) Ivy League educated children of privilege who’ve run hard and fast from armed combat their entire lives. Bush senior was the last president who was actually in combat, and that was more than a generation ago. The chances that a future president might actually command men into battle, riding horseback while saber waving across a battle field, are about as likely as Haley’s Comet actually hitting earth its next go round—it could happen, but nobody seriously thinks it will happen during their lifetime. But this language is pretty specific. Torture is still a crime, and those in the armed services who would implement it run the risk of facing criminal prosecution (see: Abu Ghraib), however the President retains the right to use torture as a “intelligence gathering tool”. So, legally, we’re at the point that the President himself has the right to, personally, waterboard detainees, something phrat-boy Bush no doubt found…awesome. Okay, that was catty. Bush, to our knowledge, has yet to be seen in Eastern Europe or Guantanamo with a steel pail full of cold water. The President should be grateful Cheney took the lead regarding this executive privilege, a power Cheney apparently wields in service of a branch in which he claims he is not a member. Somewhere, a monkey jumps up and down on a musical box while clapping a tiny pair of cymbals.
  7. Regarding John C. Yoo’s, on Aug. 1 2002, signing off on a secret opinion approving waterboarding, a form of near drowning that the U.S. government has prosecuted as a war crime since at least 1901 as “lawful”, as well as a long list of approved interrogation techniques that, thankfully, drew the line at burying a prisoner alive: John C. Yoo… is a douche bag.
  8. Regarding John C. Yoo’s feelings that “only the CIA should do this” but that people at the White House and DOD (Rumsfield’s former right hand man) “felt differently”: John C. Yoo... is a huge douche bag.
  9. Regarding the fact that Secretary of State Colin Powell and National Security Advisor Condolezza Rice learned of the torture memo for the first time on June 8, 2004 by reading about it in The Washington Post, two years after its creation: History records Colin Powell’s previous response to news that detainees would be denied legal counsel as, “What the hell just happened?” There is no record of Powell’s exact words upon hearing about the two-year old torture memo, but one can hypothesize, so allow me to completely fabricate, “Fuck. Me. Thosemotherfuckers…” How should we regard the integrity of Bush staff members who were in powerful positions but clearly were unaware of events being played off-stage under their noses, ala Powell and Rice? Perhaps we should let history decide, and, in several years, ask ourselves this question: who stayed?
  10. Regarding the fact that, according to Powell, Rice vociferously admonished Alberto Gonzales (one of the architects) regarding the secret torture memo, insisting that there would be no other secret memos or she would be forced to take the matter “directly to the president”: Decrying that you intend to take executive matters concerning executive rights and powers directly to the executive himself if certain people don’t “straighten up”, is just… bizarre. Somewhere, a monkey, exhausted from banging his tiny cymbals, is fed a fresh banana and sucks spring water from a baby bottle.
  11. Regarding the fact that former deputy White House counsel, Timothy Flannigan, claimed that Cheney’s general counsel, David S. Addington, beat back proposals to allow detainees counsel because “that was the position of his client, the vice president”: The fact that Cheney would use his personal counsel, or that his lawyer would engage in lawyer speak while discussing issues outside of the courtroom, in essence, closed door debates with the Justice Department, illustrates disturbingly pathological behavior, as if the alleged suspects involvement with suspected terrorism were somehow a personal and legal affront against the VP, and that disagreements over the treatment of combatants should resemble the judge’s chamber of a civil suit. Only in this courtroom there is no judge to play arbitrator.
  12. Regarding Rumsfeld’s “emphatic” order to senior subordinates that “the VP had the lead on this issue” of interrogations: Really? I have my constitution right here and I’m pretty sure that the president should be the “lead” on these things, followed by the Secretary of Defense? Hmm, doesn’t say much about the VP… I guess it’s just another example of thinking along the lines of what you can get away with rather than where you’ll draw the line (see yesterday’s post) Besides, where is the precedent on the VP taking the “lead” on an issue as central to national security as the treatment of terrorists? Is this an example of the President being out to lunch and unable to handle such decision, thus making Cheney, the senior executive member the link to the President, the person reluctantly responsible for making these decisions? But, wait… According to Cheney, he’s not part of the executive branch! Are we in the midst of a historical revolution? Has the executive branch, like say, Verizon, begun to outsource executive powers to people willing to do the job for less money? Somewhere, a monkey poops into a green canvas bag and resumes banging his tiny cymbals.
  13. Regarding the numerous Supreme Court rulings against the President’s ability to detain detainees without counsel as well as attempts to extend presidential power, and Flannigan’s claim that “ironically” Cheney’s “crowd pushing the envelop on presidential power have resulted in the president having less powers than he would have had they made less extravagant, monarchial claims”: That loud cracking sound you hear is the sound of at least a dozen Justice Department lawyers and officials (including John Ashcroft), slamming their heads against solid oak. Ironically, a department fully prepared to take on terrorists in the courtroom finds themselves, as well as the executive, more restrained than ever. I hear the ACLU is planning a parade.
  14. Regarding a former White House ally who claims that nobody cares less about their image than Dick Cheney: While holding public office, care of one’s image is not a sign of weakness, but instead, a trait of humanity, in essence, a worry for ones soul. Martin Luther King Jr. (by way of St. Augustine) claimed that a “just law” elevated mankind and that an “unjust law” degraded and humiliated mankind. Thus mankind’s view of laws that would be enacted by politicians should always be considered. How the public views your job performance should absolutely be considered (maybe not the deciding factor, but an interest should be shown). We should applaud elected leaders who work against a slim majority view that is detrimental to our moral fabric (segregation), but fear those who would work against humanity by not considering them at all. If someone doesn’t care what people think about them, then they don’t care about people in general.
  15. Regarding the Supreme Court’s ruling rejecting the claim of “implicit legislative consent” that Bush was using to justify electronic surveillance without a warrant: The legislative being Congress, “implicit consent” sounding a lot like something you would hear bandied about during a rape trial. This not hyperbole. This is truth. The definitive example during the Bush administration of “checks and balances”, and the judicial branch stepping in a restraining an executive branch who would seek to bypass the legislate in establishing laws and at the same time put itself above and beyond the courts. Thank you, founding fathers!
  16. Regarding the confession of Australian citizen David Hicks (the second detainee brought to Guantanamo), who confessed to providing “material support” to terrorists after six years in jail without representation, and who, while in prison, was beaten regularly and sodomized by captors, in addition to experiencing sensory deprivation and forcibly fed disorientating drugs, and the governments reduction of its initial sentence of 20 years in prison (including time served) to 9 months, conditional only if Hicks agreed to affirm, on a legal document, that he had “never been illegally treated”: Hey, who hasn’t confessed to providing “material support” while being sodomized?
  17. Regarding Bush’s statement that he would like to “close Guantanamo”: If by “close” Bush meant “keep open until the very last days of my presidency” (i.e., when a new administration will have to deal with the fallout of denied trials and released detainees, both in political and in terrorist circles), the President is right on schedule.
  18. Regarding the Post’s claim that, more than a year after the McCain sponsored law placing restrictions on the questioning of terrorists, two officials cite the VP as deadlocking the debate regarding how far CIA interrogators can go during an interrogation: How does the President allow the VP to deadlock a debate that has made it way through Congress and the Supreme Court? Who, exactly, is in charge? Somewhere, a monkey puts down his tiny cymbals, reaches back into his green canvas bag for a handful of poop, and flings it at a young boy dressed in a sailor suit eating chocolate ice-cream on a waffle cone.
  19. Regarding former favorite Bush speechwriter, Michael Gerson’s, assertion that Cheney views waterbording as a “no-brainer” and that the VP feels very strongly about these things, and it’s his great virtue and his weakness”: It’s such a relief that Cheney “feels strongly” about such things, especially considering how strongly Lenin felt about peasants.

8 comments:

Anonymous said...

There were no great revelations in the recent articles in the Washington Post about Dick Chaney. The information has been out there as the events have occurred, for those deligent enough to track various media sources, regardless of their bias.

From the inception Bush stated that his VP would be a capable replacement. Prior to being elected both Bush and Chaney stated that the position of the Vice President would not be the historical role; ie fund raiser, glad hander parroting the President, but excluded from the decision making process. Instead the VP would be active in all aspects of the administration and policy formation; capable of immediately taking over the reins of the Presidency should the need arise. This stratgem was widely supported at the time. I have no qualms about having a strong VP involved in our country's administration as opposed to a traditional fluff who can do no damage, but also who can offer no benefit.

Apparantly, Mr. Chaney has taken his charge to heart and choosen to weild the power that he has been authorized. The question is that, should a VP have comparable power to the President? This is debatable, but ultimately up the the President to decide.

It is inconceiveable that the President is oblivious to Mr. Chaney,s activities. He has not taken any meaningful actions to curb his actions and generally offers strong support regardless of the situation. What has gone on and continues to proceed behind closed doors will eventually be established by history years from now. For the present, we can only conjecture.

If you don't agree with what Mr. Chaney is doing, in light of the President's statements and actions, it crystal clear that any and all beefs should be directed at the President. Mr Chaney knew that he could not be elected as President and as a lame duck VP has choosen to pursue an apparantly agreed upon cource.

Regardless of ones political motivations and beliefs, you have the right to pursue those convictions. Mr. Chaney has done so. Are his his visions and goals acceptable to all; no, but he does have a strong constiuentcy which he faithfully serves. There is no crime in this, only political debate.

There are many former appointees that are now coming forth with revelations. These individuals fought to get the prestige and the future financial rewards of their positions. They knew what they were getting into, what the criteria is and the probable outcome; for they were and still are the players. There should be no sorrow and little credence given these people. They work the insider system which has few rules and is driven by the ambition for power. Some are better at it than others.

The media has a tendency to focus on an event with microscopic and myoptic intensity. A few quotes from a digruntled individual and a Story is born. Perhaps more diligence in depicting the whole interrelated picture would better serve the American people. Although this would be significantly more difficult for the media, it would better enable us to determine what is really important and what is not. In Mr. Chaney's case, the big picture is far more significant and important for us to realize than knowing that he stepped on some bureaucrat's toes.

More to come.

Sean said...

Hey, Anonymous, thanks for commenting! I’ll take anything I can get at this point! Seriously, I’m desperate for readers and I would hate to drive off a potential regular reader (if not a fan perhaps?), so rather than comment on the fact that, even though you have clearly though a lot about ”the media”, you fail to raise issue or comment on any number of the points I’ve made personally (or, heck! even the items raised by the darned Washington Post!), and instead seem committed to a language that is vague and non-specific (which I’m sure must have seemed pointed with an eye towards “history” at the time you wrote it) I’d instead offer that, had you read any of my blog posts, it was not my intent to treat the Washington Post as God’s final word as much as attempt to consider some of the many political, historical, and moral issues that one hopes any good American, which, had you actually read the Washington Post piece (from your vague language, it seems you have not) you would have found that they do not do since it is not the purview of the journalist to wonder why, but, sadly, report and die. As I stated in the blog, my fascination in the article has simply been due to the fact that it offers a cohesive narrative of the VP while in office, without distraction (of, say, Paris Hilton, or, perhaps, some “terrorist” plot involving Shampoo), its almost like looking at an impressive building you never noticed being built: one day it’s just there and you find yourself considering, after the fact, who (and how) it was constructed. I might also respond to some of your generalizations that somehow someone speaking out all of a sudden becomes a story, but I’ve yet to hear Cheney, or any of the sources quoted in the piece, step forward and disagree with the information presented or the manner in which it was presented. So happy was I to see a comment that wasn’t by my girlfriend (who is a much better writer, and, when she does comment, makes my writing look amateurish. Seriously, go look for them, or just wait…. I imagine she will be weighing in shortly), that I should perhaps refrain from commenting on your claim that Bush and Cheney, from the get-go, were “up-front” regarding the VP’s role, and perhaps suggest that had you read any of my thoughts, you would have found that what I am compelled to ponder is how much of an “originator” of policy the VP should be (like, say, all of it?), and that the question has never been should he be judged for doing something, but should he be judged, for example, actively “deadlocking” congressional legislation that has been vetted and upheld by the Supreme Court, or strongarming the President himself into abandoning his own policies (see tomorrow’s post). Such things might lead me into discussing your assertions that accountability for the VP’s bad decisions rest on strictly the President’s shoulders and the will of history (which I’m sure has made dead Jews, Russian peasents, Pat Tillman, or victims of Katrina—nice and cosey in their mass graves), to do so would only be repeating myself as I addressed this in my blog posts. It may be inconceivable to you, Anonymous, that nothing Cheney or his office has done has been done without the direct knowledge of the president, which would, in that case (an example of specificity), mean that the president should fire himself and serve out the rest of Scotter Libby’s jail sentence for exposing an undercover CIA agent, which would lead directly into your claim that I should direct my “beef” with the president, which I’m sure Cheney would love. Such a thing would be possible if the President took a leadership stance on any issue and could prove that he is the one developing policy and not the person signing a piece of paper. You are right that history will take care of Bush. That fact that you, Anonymous, must consider is whether you find sodomy or waterboarding an acceptable form of interrogation, two things Cheney has, in written memos, championed. If you don’t believe that Cheney should be judged for fighting for those two things, and instead see his determination to pursue them as an admirable reflection of his iron/confident/righteous will, then I’d (frightfully) hypothesize that you also saw such admirable qualities in Joseph Goebbles, another high ranking official lead astray by a bad boss. My how those Nazi war tribunals must have irritated you. Doing so would lead me vulnerable to your comment about conjecture, to which I would insist, and defend, that I haven’t “conjectured” anything in my blog posts as much as I have simply pondered issues raised by the Post article (none of which itself has been attacked as being, or proved to be conjecture). I make no attempt to hypothesize anything or “fill in the blanks” as much as try to wrap my mind around events, which I have learned, can drive a man crazy—better perhaps then to not consider anything at all and to stay away from such an article, or even, if necessary, attempt to avoid blogs that attempt to do so. Such response might make you think that I would be uninterested in what you have to say regarding your promise of “more to come”. That would not be the case at all. I love comments. In fact, I’m at the point of whoring myself for lines from readers who may have been engaged (or unimpressed) by something I may have written. And I would ask—no, beg!—no, plead!—that you keep your promise to 15 Feet and comment on anything I’ve written. I would only ask that, in the future, if you are simply interested in using my platform to engage yourself, rather than me the writer, you click on the blogger link and start your own blog. Perhaps once you choose a name for yourself (or, a possibly a tag or pseudonym? Baby steps). Perhaps then you won’t seem so anonymous.

Maya said...

Wow, a rant by a witless apologist who refuses to assign blame... how did Alberto Gonzalez find your blog?

Anonymous said...

I did state more to follow...

My first reponse was to establish how The President and VP were going to pursue the management of the administration relative to the position of the VP and that the arrangement was not traditional. Secondly, the President is in the loop and supports the actions of the VP, therfore is as responsible for those acts to a higher degree than the VP.

Let's explore the genisis of the current situation. The War in Iraq and The War Against Terrorist.

The USA and most of the civilized world have developed certain standards and principles for war. One of the key components is that one nation must declare its intent against another. This then enables the parties to pursue death and destruction legally above and beyond what would normally be acceptable to a society. The winner of the conflict is considered vindicated and just, while the looser is criminal.

We declared war on Iraq within the rules and by and large adhered to the international standards.

We also figuratively declared war on terrorist. The question is how do you wage a war on individuals and individual groups that are spread across the world and in most cases looked upon as being criminals and/or terrorist in the countries within which they reside. Is this enemy a soldier, thus entilted too the rules of war, or he he a criminal and entitled to civil rules; and depending upon the point of capture and by whom, under whose jurisdiction would be responsible for the carriage of justice. There are simply no national or international conventions dealing with this problem. In many countries, both our allies and foes, this is not a problem. However, within our society it imperative that we act within the law.

What if there are no laws or conventions? You create them.

And that is exactly what The President and VP did. In times of national emergency the executive branch has broad and sweeping powers. These powers are multiplied by the degree of political and public support for actions during a time of crisis. 911 was the catlylist that gave the executive branch a free hand to pursue almost any cource they chose.

This was not missed by our executive branch, congress or the bureaucracy. The executive branch and bureaucracy grabbed at the opportunity; congress was either in full support, or politically incapable and/or unwilling to descent.

More to follow...

Sean said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Sean said...

Sadly, Anonymous, you again skirt the issue of the content of the blog itself, so rather than take the time I spent yesterday making things clear, I'll just say that, regardless of your personal opinions about "war", or your clearly skewed vision of the American government (which apparently to you seems to consist only of an executive branch and “bureaucrats”, as opposed to, say, an executive, legislative, and judicial branch, all which have weighed in on the treatment of enemy combatants), which is to say that the president, despite what you think, does not have the authority to make laws! Period. Only Congress can make laws. If you think otherwise, then the only response would be to assume that you are an are delusional, but such a term would imply that I bear some ill will towards you, which is untrue (only pity, my dear, anonymous, friend). Most would think the president would at least attempt work with Congress and the various agencies involved before flexing his “executive muscles” rather than, at every instance, working to bypass them, thus insuring an integrity to the process American citizens, and the international community, could support. If we were to take your supposition that war has, historically, been declared by states, how do you account for Vietnam, largely considered a war, but never declared (which would have the handling of the war subject to Congressional review), yet during that (non)war the US military attempted to uphold the requirements of the Geneva Convention, even while engaging in military actions within south Vietnam and the Viet Cong? Again, your ignorance regarding what I’ve said versus what you want to hear in your mind is troublesome. You seem to argue that the president “bears a greater responsibility”, and although you seem to, again, rely on nonspecific language to make your points, I would, sadly, be the one to tell you that everybody already knows that the president will bear the responsibility (the American people are not a dumb as you make them out to be) and that your insight in this manner is of the most pedestrian kind. The question this blog is wrestling with is how much blame should Cheney bear, and how will this effect the future of an executive branch and the future role and perception of the Vice President, since their behaviour, if you had been reading the blog (or the Post), you would have found has only damaged the president’s ability to wage the kind of war you seem to think they are fighting.

Anonymous said...

Our system has checks and balances, however if no one or body of individuals do not invoke these checks and balances, the power goes to those who grasp it. After 911 the executive branch ceased power and up until recently was not challenged.

There have been many incidents in our history, when for various reasons, the President has been given a mandate that exceeds his intended level of authority and power. With few exceptions the results have been disaterous. Nixon being the most recent example.

FDR was the most powerful President ever, yet he was by and large successful. He choose to work within protocol, sought concensus, encouraged debate, utilized all resources, was open to the public whenever possible and shrewdly manipulated the media. In not abusing his power, he in fact became more powerful.

Power must be used judiciously, with wisdom and within recognized parameters. Decisions cannot be based soley upon ones personal ideology and desires; compromise and knowledge must be gained prior to the implimentation of actions.
Otherwise, as history has demonstrated time and again, disaterous situations arise. And the power, so coveted, is eventually eroded and stripped away.

Case in point, The Bush Administration.

After 911 the administration had almost total support and unquestioned authority to pursue whatever it chose and in any manner. The strategy and tactics were not solidified; procedures and doctrines were not established; what was done, was done almost entirely internally, without advise and consent, without concensus and debate; motivated by a rather narrow, but highly defined ideology.

Power not only corrupts, but festers the need for more power, while eliminating opposition and input, creating a false sense of self-righteousness and singular justification. Once an impervious attitude is established all subsequent actions are pursued with the same disregard and self agrandisement. This is easily and readily discernable in the current administration and most of its actions following 911.

I do not need to relive or revive the minutia that illustrates the arrogance of power.

The fact that so many of the directed cources of actions have proven to be failures or embarrassments, at all levels, resulting in the creation of a seige mentally further exaserbates the sensibilities of the American public.

Not only has the world suffered for the errors of unchallenged power, but we will continue to feel the effects well into the future.

The only bright point on the horizon, is that the other branches of our government and the public have begun to challenge the and protest the actions of the administration. Both sides of the debate will become more entrenched, which will lead to more and more acrimony. But, this debate will successfully forestall further questioanable activities by the executive branch and significantly curtail its power. Most importantly, it will dictate that our future leaders must govern within our baic precepts.

As I originally inferred, the most important knowledge it that of history as opposed to sensationalism. If we were to better understand the big picture, perhaps we can better formulate our opinions and policies, but this is a arduous and trying task.

Sean said...

Well said, yet I'm not sure if you are accusing me (or the Post) of sensationalizing, or just being vague and general. History is in the recorded facts and all my blog posts attempt to formulate are opinions based on each individual fact presented. I think it is wise to say you refuse to "relive" such events, but it's not technically reliving them if the events are unfolding as we speak. You mentioned Nixon, and it is the opinion of many that Bush's attempts to accumulate power and his staff's ability to manipulate, far exceeds that of Nixon. Nixon sought to eavesdrop on a political rival, Bush demands the right to eavesdrop on all Americans, the fact that this is being investigated shows that the likelihood that all such acts were not all in good faith. But at least history is on record as having held Nixon accountable while he was in office and doing damage, viewing his crimes as something to be dealt with or prosecuted (until Ford stepped in). So your logic eludes me, in fact your integrity as a participatory citizen worries me, as I'm not sure what your principles are: if you are a person that watches another person in need be pummeled by a bully, or someone who might entertain the possibility of actually intervening. Your responses seem to indicate that you would watch the person be pummled and then say, "shit happens". If anything these posts, this blog, is my venue to speak towards outrage regarding each individual fact, while also philosophizing on the historical implications ands what we can expect in the future, something your attitude apparently doesn't allow, since you can't look ahead, only wallow in an ethereal past. In short, are you a coward or simply heavily invested in apathy? Actions speak louder than words, and although I read a lot of words, I sense much apathy and little activism in you.